VENTURA COUNTY GENERAL PLAN
GOALS, POLICIES AND
PROGRAMS
Last Amended by the Ventura County Board of Supervisors
on
January 27, 2004
Ventura County General Plan
GOALS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
1988 Decision- Makers and Contributors
Ventura County Board of Supervisors
Ventura County Planning Commission
Susan K. Lacey
First District
William T. Bennett
First District
Madge Schaefer
Second District
Mary Alice Henderson
Second District
Maggie Erickson Kildee
Third District
Laura Newman
Third District
James R. Dougherty
Fourth District
Betty Taylor
Fifth District
John K. Flynn
Fifth District
Irma Jones
Fourth District
Ventura County Planning Division
RMA Word Processing Center
Thomas Berg, Division Manager
Karen Avers - Mary Stevenson
Bruce Smith, Supervisor, General Plan Section
Janette Landon - Barbara Bean
Steve Offerman, Resources Chapter Manager
Joyce Evans - Linda Butler
Greg Donges, Hazards Chapter Manager
Steve Wood, Land Use Chapter Manager
Daniel Price, Public Facilities Chapter Manager
Joseph M. Eisenhut
RMA Graphics Section
Byron Estes
Kay Clark – Carlos Mendoza
Dennis Hawkins
Shelah Bernstein - Yvonne Tello
Lisa Woodburn
Mary Monahan
County of Ventura Resource Management Agency Planning Division 800 South Victoria Avenue Ventura, CA 93009- 1740 ( 805) 654- 2494 FAX ( 805) 654- 2509
VENTURA COUNTY GENERAL PLAN
GOALS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
Adopted by the Ventura County Board of Supervisors – May 24, 1988 ( GPA # 88- 1)
All amendments became effective 30 days after approval date, except as otherwise noted below:
Amended - September 13, 1988 ( 88- 2)
Amended - December 20, 1988 ( 88- 3 & 88- 4)
Amended - June 20, 1989 ( 89- 1.1 through 1.5)
Amended - June 20, 1989 ( 89- 1.6) [ Effective - November 11, 1989]
Amended - December 19, 1989 ( 89- 2)
Amended - April 10, 1990 ( 90- 1)
Amended - October 16, 1990 ( 90- 2)
Amended - December 11, 1990 ( 90- 4) [ Effective April 15, 1991]
Amended - April 9, 1991 ( 91- 1)
Amended - December 10, 1991 ( 91- 3)
Amended - March 24, 1992 ( 91- 2 & 92- 1)
Amended - November 17, 1992 ( 92- 4)
Amended - December 1, 1992 ( 92- 2)
Amended - December 15, 1992 ( 92- 3) [ Effective - September 23, 1998]
Amended - March 2, 1993 ( 93- 1)
Amended - October 19, 1993 ( 93- 3) [ Effective - February 18, 1994]
Addendum - January 13, 1994
Amended - June 7, 1994 ( 94- 1)
Amended - July 12, 1994 ( 94- 2)
Amended - December 20, 1994 ( 94- 3)
Amended - July 18, 1995 ( 95- 1)
Amended - November 14, 1995 ( 95- 2)
Amended - December 10, 1996 ( 96- 1)
Amended - December 10, 1996 ( 96- 3) [ Effective - May 10, 1997]
Amended - December 17, 1996 ( 96- 2)
Amended - July 22, 1997 ( 97- 2)
Amended - September 16, 1997 ( 97- 3 & 97- 4)
Amended - October 28, 1997 ( 97- 5)
Amended - November 3, 1998 ( Voter Approved S. O. A. R. Ordinance) [ Adopted by Board of Supervisors, November 24, 1998 ( 98- 1)/ Effective - December 4, 1998]
Amended - July 13, 1999 ( 99- 1)
Amended - November 19, 1999 ( 99- 2) [ S. O. A. R. Election - March 7, 2000/ Effective - April 7, 2000]
Amended - December 14, 1999 ( 99- 3)
Amended - August 8, 2000 ( 00- 1)
Amended - September 19, 2000 ( 00- 2)
Amended - December 5, 2000 ( 00- 3A)
Amended - December 5, 2000 & November 20, 2001 ( 00- 3B) [ Effective - February 14, 2002]
Amended - June 19, 2001 ( 01- 1)
Amended - October 23, 2001 ( 01- 2)
Amended - March 26, 2002 ( 02- 1)
Amended - May 14, 2002 ( 02- 2)
Amended January 27, 2004 ( 04- 1)
Table Of Contents
General Plan Appendices & Area Plans................................................................. iv
Introduction............................................................................................................... 1
Purpose ............................................................................................................................... ............ 1
Form and Content........................................................................................................................ ............ 1
Determining Consistency with the General Plan...................................................................................... 3
Interpretations................................................................................................................ .......................... 3
Definitions ............................................................................................................................... ............ 4
General Plan Amendments..................................................................................................................... 4
Municipal Annexations And Sphere Of Influence Changes..................................................................... 5
Limitations on General Plan Amendments Relating to Agricultural, Open Space and Rural Designations ............................................................................................................................... ............ 5
Planning Horizon........................................................................................................................ ............. 7
1. Resources......................................................................................................... 9
1.1 General Goals, Policies and Programs.......................................................................................... 9
1.2 Air Quality........................................................................................................................ .............. 9
1.3 Water Resources...................................................................................................................... .. 11
1.4 Mineral Resources...................................................................................................................... 13
1.5 Biological Resources.................................................................................................................... 15
1.6 Farmland Resources.................................................................................................................... 19
1.7 Scenic Resources...................................................................................................................... . 20
1.8 Paleontological and Cultural Resources...................................................................................... 22
1.9 Energy Resources...................................................................................................................... . 24
1.10 Coastal Beaches and Sand Dunes.............................................................................................. 26
2. Hazards........................................................................................................... 29
2.1 General Goals, Policies And Programs....................................................................................... 29
2.2 Fault Rupture........................................................................................................................ ...... 30
2.3 Ground Shaking........................................................................................................................ .. 32
2.4 Liquefaction................................................................................................................... .............. 33
2.5 Seiche ............................................................................................................................... .......... 33
2.6 Tsunami........................................................................................................................ .............. 34
2.7 Landslides/ Mudslides................................................................................................................... 35
2.8 Expansive Soils.......................................................................................................................... . 36
2.9 Subsidence..................................................................................................................... ............ 37
2.10 Flood Hazards........................................................................................................................ ..... 37
2.11 Inundation From Dam Failure...................................................................................................... 39
2.12 Coastal Wave And Beach Erosion Hazards................................................................................ 40
2.13 Fire Hazards........................................................................................................................ ........ 41
2.14 Transportation Related Hazards.................................................................................................. 42
2.15 Hazardous Materials And Waste................................................................................................. 45
2.16 Noise ............................................................................................................................... .......... 47
2.17 Civil Disturbance.................................................................................................................... ..... 49
3. Land Use......................................................................................................... 53
3.1 General Goals, Policies and Programs........................................................................................ 53
3.2 Land Use Designations................................................................................................................ 56
3.3 Population and Housing............................................................................................................... 61
3.4 Employment and Commerce/ Industry.......................................................................................... 67
4. Public Facilities And Services..................................................................... 121
4.1 General Goals, Policies and Programs..................................................................................... 121
4.2 Transportation/ Circulation......................................................................................................... 122
4.3 Water Supply Facilities.............................................................................................................. 126
4.4 Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities.................................................................................. 127
4.5 Public Utilities...................................................................................................................... ..... 129 Ventura County General Plan - GOALS, POLICIES & PROGRAMS ( 1- 27- 04 edition)
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4.6 Flood Control and Drainage Facilities....................................................................................... 130
4.7 Law Enforcement and Emergency Services............................................................................. 131
4.8 Fire Protection..................................................................................................................... ..... 134
4.9 Education and Library Facilities and Services.......................................................................... 134
4.10 Parks and Recreation................................................................................................................ 137
4.11 Other Public Buildings and Grounds......................................................................................... 138
Glossary................................................................................................................. 141
List of Figures
Figure A SOAR Ordinance Exhibit “ A” Piru Area Map............................................................................ 8
Figure 1 Resources Protection Map ( separate document)
Figure 2 Hazards Protection Map ( separate document)
Figure 3.1 General Land Use Map ( separate document)
Figure 3.2a Zoning Compatibility Matrix - Non- Coastal Zones............................................................. 70
Figure 3.2b Zoning Compatibility Matrix - Coastal Zones..................................................................... 70
Figure 3.3 Area Plan Reference Map.................................................................................................... 71
Figure 3.4 General Residential Building Intensity Standards/ Population Density Range Table........... 72
Figure 3.5 Areas of Interest/ Spheres of Influence Map......................................................................... 73
Figure 3.6 Existing Communities Reference Map................................................................................. 74
Figure 3.7a Bell Canyon Existing Community Map............................................................................... 75
Figure 3.7b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Bell Canyon Existing Community............... 76
Figure 3.8a Box Canyon Existing Community Map............................................................................... 77
Figure 3.8b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Box Canyon Existing Community............... 78
Figure 3.9a Camarillo Heights Existing Community Map...................................................................... 79
Figure 3.9b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Camarillo Heights Existing Community...... 80
Figure 3.10a East Santa Paula Existing Community Map.................................................................... 81
Figure 3.10b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - East Santa Paula Existing Community..... 82
Figure 3.11a Home Acres Existing Community Map............................................................................ 83
Figure 3.11b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Home Acres Existing Community............. 84
Figure 3.12a La Cumbre Road Existing Community Map..................................................................... 85
Figure 3.12b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - La Cumbre Road Existing Community..... 86
Figure 3.13a Las Posas Estates Existing Community Map.................................................................. 87
Figure 3.13b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Las Posas Estates Existing Community... 88
Figure 3.14a Matilija Canyon Existing Community Map........................................................................ 89
Figure 3.14b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Matilija Canyon Existing Community........ 90
Figure 3.15a Mission Rock Road Existing Community Map................................................................. 91
Figure 3.15b Building Intensity/ Employment Density Table - Mission Rock Road Existing Community...................................................................................................................... . 92
Figure 3.16a Montalvo Existing Community Map.................................................................................. 93
Figure 3.16b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Montalvo Existing Community.................. 94 Ventura County General Plan - GOALS, POLICIES & PROGRAMS ( 1- 27- 04 edition)
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Figure 3.17a North Fork Springs Existing Community Map.................................................................. 95
Figure 3.17b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - North Fork Springs Existing Community.. 96
Figure 3.18a North Santa Paula Existing Community Map................................................................... 97
Figure 3.18b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - North Santa Paula Existing Community... 98
Figure 3.19a North Simi Existing Community Map............................................................................... 99
Figure 3.19b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - North Simi Existing Community.............. 100
Figure 3.20a Santa Rosa Existing Community Map........................................................................... 101
Figure 3.20b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Santa Rosa Valley Existing Community. 102
Figure 3.21a Santa Susana Existing Community Map........................................................................ 103
Figure 3.21b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Santa Susana Existing Community........ 104
Figure 3.22a Saticoy Country Club Existing Community Map............................................................ 105
Figure 3.22b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Saticoy Country Club Existing Community...................................................................................................................... 106
Figure 3.23a Somis Existing Community Map.................................................................................... 107
Figure 3.23b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Somis Existing Community.................... 108
Figure 3.24a Stacy/ Terra Bella Lanes Existing Community Map........................................................ 109
Figure 3.24b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Stacy/ Terra Bella Lanes Existing Community...................................................................................................................... 110
Figure 3.25a Tapo Canyon Existing Community Map......................................................................... 111
Figure 3.25b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Tapo Canyon Existing Community......... 112
Figure 3.26a Ventura Avenue Existing Community Map.................................................................... 113
Figure 3.26b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - Ventura Avenue Existing Community..... 114
Figure 3.27a West Santa Paula Existing Community Map................................................................. 115
Figure 3.27b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - West Santa Paula Existing Community.. 116
Figure 3.28a West Simi Existing Community Map.............................................................................. 117
Figure 3.28b Building Intensity/ Population Density Table - West Simi Existing Community.............. 118
Figure 3.29 VCOG Population Forecast Table ( 1990 – 2010)............................................................ 119
Figure 3.30 VCOG Dwelling Unit Forecast Table ( 1990 – 2010)........................................................ 120
Figure 4 Public Facilities Maps ( separate document)
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General Plan Appendices & Area Plans
The General Plan appendices and area plans are separate documents and are listed below:
Document Title
Date adopted or last amended
Appendix
Resources Appendix
09- 19- 00
Hazards Appendix
09- 19- 00
Land Use Appendix
06- 19- 01
Public Facilities and Services Appendix
03- 26- 02
Area Plan
Ahmanson Ranch Area Plan
12- 15- 92
Coastal Area Plan
11- 20- 01
El Rio/ Del Norte Area Plan
12- 10- 96
Lake Sherwood/ Hidden Valley Area Plan
05- 14- 02
North Ventura Avenue Area Plan
12- 11- 90
Oak Park Area Plan
12- 10- 96
Ojai Valley Area Plan
11- 19- 99
Piru Area Plan
10- 23- 01
Saticoy Area Plan
12- 10- 96
Thousand Oaks Area Plan
12- 10- 96
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Introduction
Purpose
Section 65300 of the California Government Code states; " Each planning agency shall prepare and the legislative body of each county and city shall adopt a comprehensive, long- term general plan for the physical development of the county or city, and of any land outside its boundaries which in the planning agency's judgment bears relation to its planning." Further, as stated in Section 65300.5 of the Government Code, it is the intent of the State Legislature " that the general plan and elements and parts thereof comprise an integrated, internally consistent and compatible statement of policies for the adopting agency."
The Ventura County General Plan is intended to fulfill these requirements of State Law.
Form and Content
Section 65301 of the Government Code states:
"( a) … The general plan may be adopted in any format deemed appropriate or convenient by the legislative body, including the combining of elements. The legislative body may adopt all or part of a plan of another public agency in satisfaction of all or part of the requirements of Section 65302 if the plan of the other public agency is sufficiently detailed and its contents are appropriate, as determined by the legislative body, for the adopting city or county.
( b) The general plan may be adopted as a single document or as a group of documents relating to subjects or geographic segments of the planning area.
( c) The general plan shall address each of the elements specified in Section 65302 to the extent that the subject of the element exists in the planning area. The degree of specificity and level of detail of the discussion of each such element shall reflect local conditions and circumstances..."
Section 65302 of the Government Code states that " the general plan shall consist of a statement of development policies and shall include a diagram or diagrams and text setting forth objectives, principles, standards, and plan proposals." The section then goes on to list seven mandated elements, and describes the purpose and content of each of the elements.
Text
Ventura County has found that preparing a General Plan in the form of separate " elements" creates a General Plan which is disjointed, awkward to use, and redundant. Furthermore, much of the General Plan consists of background information and data which is necessary for the understanding of the subject matter and serves as justification for specific development policies, but is generally not needed for the day- to- day administration and implementation of the General Plan's development policies. Lastly, because Ventura County is so large and diverse, it is impossible to prepare a single, countywide General Plan of sufficient detail to cover all areas adequately.
Because of these concerns, Ventura County has formatted its General Plan in a manner which is clear, concise, logical and usable, while meeting the requirements of the Government Code. Specifically, the County General Plan consists of: ( a) Countywide Goals, Policies and Programs containing four chapters ( Resources, Hazards, Land Use, and Public Facilities and Services), ( b) four Appendices ( Resources, Hazards, Land Use, and Public Facilities and Services) which contain background information and data in support of the Countywide Goals, Policies and Programs, and ( c) several Area Plans which contain specific goals, policies and programs for specific geographical areas of the County. The following table lists the seven mandated elements and the required content of each ( as described in Section 65302 of the Government Code), and references which chapter of the Countywide Goals, Policies and Programs and/ or Appendix of the Ventura County General Plan where the requirements for each element can be found:
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VENTURA COUNTY GENERAL PLAN
CHAPTER AND APPENDIX LOCATION
STATE REQUIREMENTS
Resources
Hazards
Land Use
Public Facilities and Services
LAND USE ELEMENT
Housing
X
Business
X
Industry
X
Open Space
X
X
X
X
Agriculture
X
X
Scenic Beauty
X
Education
X
Public Buildings & Grounds
X
Solid & Liquid Wastes
X
X
Population Density/ Building Intensity
X
Flooding
X
X
Timberland Production
X
X
CIRCULATION ELEMENT
Major Thoroughfares
X
Transportation Routes
X
Terminals
X
Utilities
X
HOUSING ELEMENT
X
CONSERVATION ELEMENT
Water
X
X
Hydraulic Force
X
X
Forests
X
Soils
X
Rivers
X
X
X
Harbors
X
Fisheries
X
Wildlife
X
Minerals
X
OPEN SPACE ELEMENT
X
X
NOISE ELEMENT
X
SAFETY ELEMENT
X
X
Maps
The Ventura County General Plan Goals, Policies and Programs contain four sets of maps which relate to specific policies: Resource Protection Maps, Hazard Protection Maps, General Land Use Maps and Public Facilities Maps. These map sets are located on the County’s Geographic Information System ( GIS) and are available from the Resource Management Agency’s Mapping, GIS and Graphic Services.
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In addition to the above maps, there are several maps within the text of the General Plan Goals, Policies and Programs that illustrate specific policies or depict important information. These maps are 8 ½ " x 11" and display various scales.
Within the General Plan Appendices, there are several maps, of various scales, that are illustrative of information discussed within the text. These maps are illustrative only and should not be used for policy interpretation or administration.
Within the Area Plans, there are several maps, of various scales, which depict information discussed within the text or illustrate specific policies within each Area Plan.
Determining Consistency with the General Plan
Section 65860 of the Government Code states; " County or city zoning ordinances shall be consistent with the general plan of the county or city.... A zoning ordinance shall be consistent with a city or county general plan only if:
( i) the city or county has officially adopted such a plan, and
( ii) the various land uses authorized by the ordinance are compatible with the objectives, policies, general land uses, and programs specified in such a plan."
Furthermore, Section 66473.5 of the Government Code states; " No local agency shall approve a tentative map, or a parcel map for which a tentative map was not required, unless the legislative body finds that the proposed subdivision, together with the provisions for its design and improvement, is consistent with the general plan. A proposed subdivision shall be consistent with a general plan or a specific plan only if the local agency has officially adopted such a plan and the proposed subdivision or land use is compatible with the objectives, policies, general land uses, and programs specified in such a plan."
Also, Section 65401 of the Government Code states that all proposed public works ( facilities) of any county, city, special district or school district, shall be reviewed for consistency with the appropriate local city or county general plan. Furthermore, Section 65402( a) states that no real property shall be acquired for public purposes and no real property shall be disposed of, until the location, purpose and extent of such acquisition or disposition has been reviewed for conformity with the appropriate local city or county general plan. Section 65403( c) concludes by stating, " A district or local agency shall not carry out its capital improvement program or any part of the program if the planning agency finds that the capital improvement program is not consistent with the applicable general plan, any specific plans, and all elements and parts of the plan. A district or local agency may overrule the finding and carry out its capital improvement program."
Lastly, Section 65454 states; " No specific plan may be adopted or amended unless the proposed plan or amendment is consistent with the general plan."
At the local level, the Ventura County Zoning Ordinance states that no Planned Development Permit, Conditional Use Permit, or Zoning Clearance may be approved which is inconsistent with the County General Plan. Furthermore, the Ventura County Subdivision Ordinance states that no subdivision may be approved which is inconsistent with the County General Plan.
Hence, in the unincorporated area of Ventura County, zoning and any permits issued thereunder, any subdivision of land, any public works project, any public ( County, Special District, or Local Government) land acquisition or disposition, and any specific plan, must be consistent with the Ventura County General Plan Goals, Policies and Programs, and where applicable, the adopted Area Plan.
Interpretations
Although every effort has been made to provide goals, policies and programs that are clear, the necessity of interpreting such goals, policies and programs in light of specific and unusual cases will occur from time to time. When such interpretations are necessary, the Planning Director is responsible for the review and interpretation of the General Plan Goals, Policies and Programs ( with the right of appeal to the Planning Commission and the Board of Supervisors).
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Since goals are general in nature, the goals should not be interpreted in the same way as policies and programs. Goals are meant as targets toward which the County’s actions are directed, but do not serve as absolute standards. In other words, although the County is committed to strive toward attaining a particular goal, a goal may not always be attainable in an absolute sense. Policies and programs, on the other hand, are to be read as the specific means by which the County will move toward carrying out its goals.
The goals, policies and programs of the General Plan are cumulative and, as such, individual goals, policies and programs should be used and interpreted in the context of other goals, policies and programs. Since a goal may be implemented through multiple policies and/ or programs, and a specific policy or program may serve to implement more than one goal, the goals, policies and programs for a subject ( e. g., biological resources), should be read in the context of other similar goals, policies and programs. In cases where there are multiple goals ( or policies or programs), and two or more goals ( or policies or programs) address the same subject, the more specific and restrictive goal ( or policy or program) would take precedence. In this regard, goals are compared to goals, policies are compared to policies, and programs are compared to programs.
Definitions
Unless the provision( s) or context otherwise requires, the definitions of words and terms as found in the Glossary of the General Plan Goals, Policies and Programs govern the construction of the General Plan The words shown in italics in the body of the text are defined in the Glossary.
Goal: The ultimate purpose of the County's effort stated in a way that is general in nature. Example: " Increase housing opportunities for households of all income levels, with special emphasis on lower- income households, the elderly, mentally ill, single heads of household, large families, farmworkers, handicapped and homeless."
The term " principle," which is referred to in State Law, is a goal for the purpose of this Plan. The term " objectives," which are referred to in State Law, are goals that are quantified. Example: “ Promote and facilitate at least a 3% market vacancy rate in both rental and ownership housing.”
Policy: A specific statement guiding day- to- day actions and implying clear commitment to carry out the goals of the General Plan in a prescribed manner. Example: " The County shall give priority in providing housing assistance to those groups with demonstrated special needs, such as the elderly, mentally ill, handicapped, large families, single heads of household, farmworkers and the homeless."
Program: A coordinated set of actions to carry out the goals of the Plan. Example: " The Chief Executive Office will continue to administer Federal and State funds and grants in order to facilitate the development of affordable owner- occupied and rental housing for lower- income households, and for those with identified special needs ( farmworkers, elderly, mentally ill, handicapped, homeless), and notify other housing agencies and non- profit organizations of the availability of funding for lower- income families and special needs housing."
An asterisk (*) next to a program means that particular program will not be pursued until the specified county agency/ department is given direction by the Board of Supervisors to proceed with the program
General Plan Amendments
According to Section 65358 of the Government Code:
"( a) If it deems it to be in the public interest, the legislative body ( of a City or County) may amend all or part of an adopted general plan. An amendment to the general plan shall be initiated in the manner specified by the legislative body. A legislative body that permits persons to request an amendment of the general plan may require that an amount equal to the estimated cost of preparing the amendment be deposited with the planning agency prior to the preparation of the amendment.
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( b) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision ( c) or ( d), no mandatory element of a general plan shall be amended more frequently than four times during any calendar year. Subject to that limitation, an amendment may be made at any time, as determined by the legislative body. Each amendment may include more than one change to the general plan.
( c) The limitation of the frequency of amendments to a general plan contained in subdivision ( b) does not apply to amendments of the general plan requested and necessary for a single development of residential units, at least 25 percent of which will be occupied by or available to persons and families of low or moderate income, as defined by Section 50093 of the Health and Safety Code. The specified percentage of low- or moderate- income housing may be developed on the same site as the other residential units proposed for development, or on another site or sites encompassed by the general plan, in which case the combined total number of residential units shall be considered a single development proposal for purposes of this section.
( d) This section does not apply to the adoption of any element of a general plan or to the amendment of any element of a general plan in order to comply with any of the following:
( 1) A court decision made pursuant to Article 14 ( commencing with Section 65750). [ i. e. Challenges to Plan's validity]
( 2) Subdivision ( b) of Section 65302.3. [ i. e. Airport Land Use Plan]
( 3) Subdivision ( d) of Section 56032 of the Health and Safety Code. [ i. e. Large Scale Comprehensive Development Plan]
( 4) Subdivision ( b) of Section 30500 of the Public Resources Code. [ i. e. Local Coastal Plan]"
Ventura County allows owners, lessees or buyers ( in escrow) of land to make application for amendments to the Ventura County General Plan for land they own, lease or are buying. General Plan Amendment applications must contain all information required by the Planning Division and must be accompanied by all application processing fees/ deposits as specified by the Board of Supervisors. Furthermore, all privately initiated General Plan Amendments are screened by the Board of Supervisors to determine if the amendment is appropriate for further processing.
According to Government Code Section 65588( b), " The Housing Element shall be revised as appropriate, but not less than every five years..." Except for the Housing Element, State Law does not establish a mandatory time schedule for comprehensive updates. According to the State General Plan Guidelines, " A jurisdiction is expected to make running changes to its General Plan as they are necessary. As a general rule, major General Plan revisions should occur at least every four to five years." With regard to the Ventura County General Plan, the Planning Division, with the support of other County agencies, is responsible for annually reviewing the General Plan and reporting to the Board of Supervisors on the status of the plan and progress in its implementation.
Municipal Annexations And Sphere Of Influence Changes
In order to maintain the timeliness of various general plan land use maps and tables, the Planning Director is authorized to update the appropriate maps and tables to reflect Local Agency Formation Commission ( LAFCO) approved and recorded municipal boundary or Sphere of Influence changes without the need to process such changes through the General Plan Amendment process.
Notwithstanding the above, LAFCO approved municipal detachments shall require a general plan amendment in order to establish the detachment’s land use designation and zoning.
Limitations on General Plan Amendments Relating to Agricultural, Open Space and Rural Designations
Pursuant to the provisions of the SAVE OPEN- SPACE and AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES ( S. O. A. R.) ORDINANCE, the following shall obtain until December 31, 2020:
a) The provisions setting forth the Agricultural, Open Space and Rural land use designations, and the goals and policies as they specifically apply to those land use designations in Sections 3.1
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and 3.2 of this General Plan shall not be further amended unless such amendment is approved by vote of the people or by the Board of Supervisors pursuant to the procedures set forth herein.
b) Those lands designated as Agricultural, Open Space or Rural on the “ General Land Use Maps” adopted by the Board of Supervisors for Ventura County on May 24, 1988, and amended through September 16, 1997 shall remain so designated unless redesignated to another general plan land use category by vote of the people, or redesignated by the Board of Supervisors pursuant to the procedures set forth herein.
c) The Board of Supervisors, following at least one public hearing for presentations by an applicant and the public, and after compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act, may place any amendment to land use designations of Agricultural, Open Space or Rural, or any provision, goal or policy as set forth in subsection “ a”, above, on the ballot pursuant to the mechanisms provided by State Law.
d) The Board of Supervisors without a vote of the people may reorganize, reorder, or renumber individual provisions of the General Plan, as well as the provisions herein, in the course of ongoing updates of the General Plan in accordance with the requirements of state law. Additional technical, non- substantive language modifications may be made to the General Plan with reference to Agricultural, Open Space or Rural designations for clarification and internal consistency provided such modifications are consistent with the Findings and Purpose of the ordinance creating these provisions.
e) The Board of Supervisors, without a vote of the people, may redesignate Rural designated properties to either Agricultural or Open Space, or may redesignate Open Space to Agriculture pursuant to the provisions for making such amendments set forth in state law and Board adopted policies.
f) The Board of Supervisors, without a vote of the people, may redesignate Agricultural designated properties to Open Space if the Board of Supervisors makes all of the following findings supported by substantial evidence:
i) The land proposed for redesignation has not been used for agricultural purposes in the past 2 years and is unusable for agriculture due to its topography, drainage, flooding, adverse soil conditions or other physical reasons;
ii) The land proposed for redesignation is immediately adjacent to areas developed in a manner compatible with the uses allowed under Open Space;
iii) Adequate public services and facilities are available and have the capacity and capability to accommodate the Open Space uses allowed;
iv) The proposed redesignation is compatible with agricultural uses, does not interfere with accepted agricultural practices, and does not adversely affect the stability of land use patterns in the area; and
v) The land proposed for redesignation does not exceed 40 acres for any one landowner in any calendar year, and one landowner may not obtain redesignation pursuant to this subdivision ( f) more often than every other year. Landowners with any unity of interest are considered one landowner for purposes of this limitation.
g) The Board of Supervisors, without a vote of the people, may redesignate Agricultural, Open Space or Rural properties provided the Board complies with the following two conditions:
i) The Board makes a finding based upon the advice of the County Counsel that the designation of the property effects an unconstitutional taking of the landowners’ property; and
ii) In permitting the redesignation, the Board allows a less restrictive designation to be applied to the property only to the extent necessary to avoid the unconstitutional taking of the landowner’s property.
h) The Board of Supervisors, without a vote of the people, may amend the provisions of the General Plan which apply to the Agricultural, Open Space or Rural designations, as set forth in
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subsection “ a”, above, for the express purpose of further protecting and preserving resources identified in the General Plan, provided that said amendment( s) are consistent with the Findings and Purpose of the ordinance adopting these provisions of the General Plan.
i) In recognition of the urban nature of the Piru community and to provide essential flexibility to the Board of Supervisors to address the special needs of that community, the Board of Supervisors, without a vote of the people, may amend the land use designations on the General Land Use Map, as set forth in subsection “ b”, above, for land located within the Piru Redevelopment Area or land described by the following Assessor Parcel Numbers:
056- 0- 180- 01
056- 0- 180- 02
056- 0- 180- 06
056- 0- 180- 07
056- 0- 180- 08
056- 0- 190- 05
056- 0- 190- 06
056- 0- 190- 09
The total land represented by this subsection “ i” is set forth on Exhibit “ A”
j) The Board of Supervisors, without a vote of the people, may amend the land use designations on the General Land Use Map, as set forth in subsection “ b”, above, to any Existing Community designation for land which, prior to the effective date of the ordinance setting forth these provisions, is found to contain lawfully established urban building intensities or urban land uses, to the minimum extent necessary to validate such pre- existing uses consistent with the Findings and Purpose of the ordinance adopting these provisions of the General Plan.
k) Following December 31, 2020, redesignations of then existing General Plan designations may be occasioned by the Board of Supervisors without a vote of the people, Until then, approval by a vote of the people is accomplished when a General Plan amendment is placed on the ballot through any procedure provided for in the Election Code, and a majority of the voters vote in favor of it. Whenever the Board of Supervisors adopts an amendment requiring approval by a vote of the people pursuant to the provisions of this subsection, the Board’s action shall have no effect until after such a vote is held and a majority of the voters vote in favor of it.
Planning Horizon
The planning horizon for this General Plan is the year 2010.
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1. Resources
This Chapter of the General Plan identifies goals, policies, and programs relating to the preservation, conservation, production and utilization of resources in Ventura County. The specific goals, policies, and programs are listed under the following major headings: General goals, policies and programs, Air Quality, Water Resources, Mineral Resources, Biological Resources, Farmland, Scenic Resources, Cultural Resources, Energy Resources, and Coastal Beaches and Sand Dunes.
1.1 General Goals, Policies and Programs
The following are the general goals, policies and program which apply to Resources:
1.1.1 Goals
1. Inventory and monitor the natural and man- made ( e. g., cultural) resources of Ventura County.
2. Plan for the preservation, conservation, efficient use of, enjoyment of, and access to resources, as appropriate, within Ventura County for present and future generations.
3. Identify and work with all entities responsible for the protection, management and enhancement of the County's resources.
1.1.2 Policies
1. All General Plan amendments, zone changes and discretionary development shall be evaluated for their individual and cumulative impacts on resources in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act.
2. Except as otherwise covered by a more restrictive policy within the Resources Chapter, significant adverse impacts on resources identified in environmental assessments and reports shall be mitigated to less than significant levels or, where no feasible mitigation measures are available, a statement of overriding considerations shall be adopted.
1.1.3 Program
The Planning Division, with the technical support of other appropriate agencies, will annually review the Resources Appendix to identify what information needs to be updated and, when appropriate, shall submit a budget request as part of the next year's County budget.
1.2 Air Quality
The Federal government has established ambient air quality standards to protect public health ( primary standards) and welfare ( secondary standards). The State of California has established separate, more stringent standards. Federal and State standards have been established for ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, suspended particulate matter ( e. g. dust) and lead. In addition, California has standards for ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, sulfates and visibility- reducing particles.
Ventura County frequently exceeds federal and state ambient air quality standards for ozone. Under both federal and state Clean Air Acts, the County is a " severe" ( worst category) nonattainment area. Ozone is a highly chemically reactive gas that poses a serious threat to human health. People who suffer from cardiopulmonary and respiratory diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis are particularly susceptible to ozone. However, athletes and physically active people also can be adversely affected by ozone. Ozone also causes extensive damage to agricultural crops and various materials, such as paints, rubber, and metals.
Ventura County also has elevated ambient levels of very fine dust particles called PM- 10 ( 10 macrons or less in diameter). Concern for PM- 10 is based on the ability of small particles to reach deep into the lungs, posing a threat to the respiratory system. As with ozone, people most sensitive to particulates are those with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, the elderly, and children. Ventura County is an attainment area for the federal PM- 10 standard, but nonattainment for the more stringent state PM- 10 standard.
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The first study of air pollution in Ventura County occurred in 1966. That study found that Ventura County had a serious air pollution problem. Consequently, the Ventura County Air Pollution Control District was formed in 1968. The District's mission is to protect public health and agriculture from the adverse effects of air pollution by identifying air pollution problems and developing a long- range comprehensive program to achieve and maintain state and federal air quality standards. Ventura County's latest Air Quality Management Plan is the 1994 AQMP ( adopted 10/ 9/ 95). The primary purpose of the 1994 AQMP is to satisfy the planning requirements of the 1990 federal Clean Air Act Amendments and to outline a strategy for meeting the federal ozone clean air standard by 2005.
Further, discussion of air pollution and measures being undertaken to achieve air quality standards can be found in the Air Quality Management Plan, which is available for review at the Ventura County Air Pollution Control District office, 702 County Square Drive, Ventura, California.
The goals, policies and programs which apply to air quality are as follows:
1.2.1 Goals
1. Diligently seek and promote a level of air quality that protects public health, safety, and welfare, and seek to attain and maintain the State and Federal Ambient Air Quality standards.
2. Ensure that any adverse air quality impacts, both long- term and short- term, resulting from discretionary development are mitigated the maximum extent feasible.
1.2.2 Policies
1. Discretionary development that is inconsistent with the Air Quality Management Plan ( AQMP) shall be prohibited, unless overriding considerations are cited by the decision- making body.
2. The air quality impacts of discretionary development shall be evaluated by use of the Guidelines for the Preparation of Air Quality Impact Analysis.
3. Discretionary development that would have a significant adverse air quality impact shall only be approved if it is conditioned with all reasonable mitigation measures to avoid, minimize or compensate ( offset) for the air quality impact. Developers shall be encouraged to employ innovative methods and technologies to minimize air pollution impacts.
4. Where deemed necessary by the APCD, discretionary development shall be conditioned to develop, implement, and maintain over time, Transportation Demand Management ( TDM) programs consistent with APCD's trip reduction rule 210. TDM programs shall include a requirement for annual performance reporting to and approval by the APCD.
5. Development subject to APCD permit authority shall comply with all applicable APCD rules and permit requirements, including the use of best available control technology ( BACT) as determined by the APCD.
1.2.3 Programs
1. The Ventura County Air Pollution Control District ( APCD) will periodically update the Ventura County Air Quality Management Plan per the requirements of the Federal Clean Air Act and the California Clean Air Act.
2. The APCD will require employers subject to APCD's Trip Reduction Rule 210 to prepare and implement trip reduction plans. The purpose of these plans is to reduce the number of solo drivers commuting to work. Trip reduction strategies may include, but are not limited to, ridesharing promotion, modified work schedules, preferential parking, telecommuting, parking management and van pools. The APCD will continue to be involved with the annual review of the Congestion Management Program and has State mandated responsibility regarding review of deficiency plans.
3. The APCD will continue the program to assist cities in the development and implementation of local Transportation Control Measure ( TCM) policies and programs. The assistance program shall include, but not be limited to, periodic meetings to facilitate coordination of efforts between local jurisdictions.
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4. The County Air Pollution Control District will continue to monitor and comment on discretionary development requests under City, State and/ or Federal jurisdiction, to help ensure that they do not significantly impact air quality in Ventura County.
5. The Planning Division and the Public Works Agency will submit, for Board budget consideration, programs to implement Transportation Control Measures as outlined in the AQMP.
1.3 Water Resources
There are three local water sources in the County: groundwater, surface water and reclaimed water. Imported water, which is not considered an in- County water resource, is discussed in the Water Supply Facilities Section (# 4.3).
Groundwater is the single most important source of water in the County. In 1985, it provided about 67% of the water utilized in the County. It is pumped extensively by individual well owners as well as purveyors who sell it at either retail sales to individuals or at wholesale to other purveyors. Since, overall, more groundwater is used than is replaced, the County's groundwater reserves are slowly decreasing ( i. e., water is being extracted more rapidly than it is being replaced).
The largest groundwater supplies in the County are contained within major aquifers which underlie most of the Oxnard Plain, and the Las Posas and Santa Clara Valleys. These are, in order of increasing depth, the Oxnard, Mugu, Hueneme, Fox Canyon, and Grimes Canyon aquifer zones. Both the Oxnard aquifer in the Oxnard Plain area and the Fox Canyon aquifer are being overdrafted. Long term overdrafting has caused serious seawater intrusion of the Oxnard aquifer. A Seawater Intrusion Abatement Project is currently underway to remedy this problem. The United Water Conservation District and County, with the support of local cities, are carrying out this project which includes removal of wells from the intruded Oxnard aquifer and operation of the Freeman diversion structure on the Santa Clara River which, together with new wells in the Fox Canyon zone and the new pumping trough pipeline, will deliver water to users on the Oxnard Plain.
Surface water resources in Ventura County are divided into two major hydrologic units ( Ventura River and Santa Clara- Calleguas Units) and into four other smaller hydrologic units ( Rincon Creek, Cuyama, San Joaquin, and Malibu Hydrologic Units).
Streams in Ventura County that generally flow for the entire year include Sespe Creek, Piru Creek, Reyes Creek, Matilija Creek, the North Fork of the Ventura River, the Ventura River below Foster Park and the upper portion of the Santa Clara River. However, the year- round flow in the Ventura River below Foster Park, the upper reach of the Santa Clara River and the Arroyo Simi are due primarily to waste water treatment plant discharges. These creeks plus other, small tributaries have extensive riparian zones and provide habitat for a variety of vertebrates such as rainbow trout.
The Casitas Municipal Water District provides wholesale and retail water distribution from Lake Casitas. The United Water Conservation District is responsible for groundwater recharge throughout most of the Santa Clara River Valley and for the wholesale distribution of water to purveyors on the Oxnard Plain. Lake Piru is United's reservoir for water which is released into the Santa Clara River for subsequent recharge into the underground aquifers for later urban and agricultural use. The Calleguas Municipal Water District is responsible for providing imported water for wholesale purposes to retail water purveyors serving municipal/ industrial customers in the southeastern portions of the County.
Groundwater quality in Ventura County is gradually being degraded, primarily by agricultural runoff and leachate. Water quality can be estimated through the concentration of total dissolved solids ( TDS). This value represents the concentration of all minerals and trace elements. Separate standards for individual pollutants also apply.
Improperly designed, installed and maintained septic systems could potentially contaminate groundwater and surface water supplies in some areas of the County. Also, industrial and commercial developments on septic systems could potentially lead to degradation of groundwater supplies from intentional or unintentional discharges of hazardous wastes into these systems. This potential problem is more critical in aquifer recharge areas.
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The best quality water is in portions of the Fox and Grimes Canyon aquifer zones, while the worst is in the upper aquifers along the edges of the Santa Clara Valley and in seawater intruded portions of the Oxnard aquifer zone. Water quality of the major reservoirs ( Lake Casitas and Lake Piru) has remained constant and is generally of high quality. Surface water quality such as rivers and tributaries fluctuates from season to season, but is adequate in most areas for agricultural uses.
The Countywide Wastewater Reuse ( 201) Plan identifies reclaimed water from sewage treatment facilities as being a potential source of 18,000 acre feet/ year. The County is pursuing funding to implement this plan.
There are many agencies that are responsible for the management of water resources at the Federal, State and local levels. Federal agencies include the Forest Service, Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation and the Environmental Protection Agency; State agencies include the Resources Agency and its many departments, the State Department of Public Health, Department of Water Resources and the Water Resources Control Board; and local agencies include the County Departments of Public Works, Environmental Health, Planning, Flood Control Districts, Sanitation Districts, Fox Canyon Groundwater Management Agency, cities, and water retailers and wholesalers.
The goals, policies, and programs which apply to water resources are as follows:
1.3.1 Goals
1. Inventory and monitor the quantity and quality of the County's water resources.
2. Effectively manage the water resources of the County by adequately planning for the development, conservation and protection of water resources for present and future generations.
3. Maintain and, where feasible, restore the chemical, physical and biological integrity of surface and groundwater resources.
4. Ensure that the demand for water does not exceed available water resources.
5. Protect and, where feasible, enhance watersheds and aquifer recharge areas.
6. Promote reclamation and reuse of wastewater for recreation, irrigation and to recharge aquifers.
7. Promote efficient use of water resources through water conservation.
1.3.2 Policies
1. Discretionary development which is inconsistent with the goals and policies of the County's Water Management Plan ( WMP) shall be prohibited, unless overriding considerations are cited by the decision- making body.
2. Discretionary development shall comply with all applicable County and State water regulations.
3. The installation of on- site septic systems shall meet all applicable State and County regulations.
4. Discretionary development shall not significantly impact the quantity or quality of water resources within watersheds, groundwater recharge areas or groundwater basins.
5. Landscape plans for discretionary development shall incorporate water conservation measures as prescribed by the County's Guide to Landscape Plans, including use of low water usage landscape plants and irrigation systems and/ or low water usage plumbing fixtures and other measures designed to reduce water usage.
6. The use of the Santa Clara River as a multiple resource ( i. e., source of supply for water, concrete aggregates and biological habitat) shall be permitted to continue; with the use of the River as a water resource having priority over all other uses.
7. Out- of- river mining below the historic or predicted high groundwater level in the Del Norte/ El Rio ( Oxnard Forebay Basin) area may be permitted if the applicant can demonstrate to the
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satisfaction of the County of Ventura that the excavation activity will not interfere with or affect groundwater quality and quantity.
8. All discretionary development shall be conditioned for the proper drilling and construction of new oil, gas and water wells and destruction of all abandoned wells on- site.
9. New wells in the Oxnard Plain pressure basin shall not be allowed if they would increase seawater intrusion in the Oxnard or Mugu aquifers.
10. All new golf courses shall be conditioned to prohibit landscape irrigation with water from groundwater basins or inland surface waters identified as Municipal and Domestic Supply or Agricultural Supply in the California Regional Water Quality Control Board's Water Quality Control Plan unless either: a) the existing and planned water supplies for a Hydrologic Area, including interrelated Hydrologic Areas and Subareas, are shown to be adequate to meet the projected demands for existing uses as well as reasonably foreseeable probable future uses within the area, or b) it is demonstrated that the total groundwater extraction/ recharge for the golf course will be equal to or less than the historic groundwater extraction/ recharge ( as defined in the Ventura County Initial Study Assessment Guidelines) for the site. Where feasible, reclaimed water shall be utilized for new golf courses.
1.3.3 Programs
1. The Public Works Agency and the United Water Conservation District will continue to support the Seawater Intrusion Abatement Project.
2. The County Public Works Agency will continue to enforce Chapter 70 ( Excavation and Grading) of the Uniform Building Code, as incorporated by reference in and amended by the Ventura County Building Code, to ensure that any proposed grading in a waterway or wetland is adequately investigated and that any development incorporates appropriate design provisions to protect waterways or wetlands.
3. The County will continue to support the Fox Canyon Groundwater Management Agency Plan for both the Upper and Lower Aquifer Systems.
4. The County Environmental Health Division will take all administrative, fiscal and legal measures necessary to provide the services of County Service Area 32.
5. The Planning Division and Public Works Agency will continue to coordinate with water districts and other appropriate agencies to establish a data base on actual available supply, projected use factors for types of land use and development, and threshold limits for development within available water resources.
6. The Planning Division will continue to promote the efficient use of water through the Landscape Design Criteria Program.
7. The Public Works Agency, in cooperation with the Environmental Health Division, will continue to pursue the use of reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation.
8. The Environmental Health Division will continue to monitor, inspect and regulate underground storage tanks.
9. The Environmental Health Division will continue to identify waste disposal sites and seek to mitigate impacts to water resources.
10. The Planning Division will prepare, for the consideration of the Board of Supervisors, a Countywide water conservation retrofit program to fund the installation of water conservation fixtures ( defined as 1.6 gallons per flush toilets, one gallon per flush urinals and 2.5 gallons per minute showerheads) for businesses and residents located within Ventura County.
1.4 Mineral Resources
The two principal mineral resources located in Ventura County and inventoried in the Resources Appendix are petroleum ( oil and gas) and aggregate ( principally sand and gravel). Other minerals of
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commercial value within Ventura County are: asphalt, clay, expansible shale, gypsum, limestone, and phosphate.
In terms of gross dollars, petroleum production accounted for approximately 75% of the total mineral production of Ventura County. Ventura County produced 15,659,398 barrels of oil and 16,130,168 million cubic feet ( mcf) of natural gas in 1987 ( excluding Outer Continental Shelf [ OCS] production). This was the third highest production total among California counties ( only Kern and Orange counties produced more). The petroleum resource areas identified in Figure 1.4.7 of the Resources Appendix are derived from maps prepared by the State Division of Oil and Gas which depict the boundaries of known petroleum fields.
Aggregates represent the other significant type of mineral resource extracted within the County. Aggregates include sand, gravel and rock which are used for fill, construction- grade concrete and riprap, among others. Although many sand and gravel sites exist throughout the County, most of the extraction sites are located in and along the Santa Clara River bed. Transportation, being a major cost in this industry, dictates that extraction sites be in close to areas of use and demand. For this reason, it is important to utilize close- in aggregate resources before urbanization precludes their extraction.
River mining standards in the Santa Clara River currently include: depth/ profile standards, establishment of a river corridor, slope and setback restrictions, buffer zones, and protection measures for fish and riparian habitats. The objective of the depth/ profile standards are to stabilize the riverbed of the Santa Clara River, thus protecting major structures, and promoting downstream transport of sediment from the upper reaches of the river to the degraded lower reaches of the river.
The aggregate resource areas ( see the Resources Appendix) are based on Mineral Resource Zone maps developed by the State Division of Mines and Geology. These maps were prepared in response to the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975 ( SMARA). This Act mandated that aggregate resources throughout the State be mapped so that local governments could make land use decisions in light of the presence of the resources and the need to preserve access to them. SMARA's basic objectives are to ensure proper reclamation of mineral land and safeguard access to mineral resources of regional and statewide significance in the face of competing land uses and urban expansion. Its initial focus was on aggregate necessary for construction grade concrete.
The County's mechanism for carrying out SMARA's objective of safeguarding access to mineral resources is the designation of appropriate areas as a Mineral Resource Area on the Resource Protection Maps. These designated areas are then made subject to the Mineral Resource Protection Overlay Zone ( see Zoning Ordinance). In order to be so designated, an area must meet the criteria listed in this section, not be committed to alternative uses, nor be within a city's viewshed.
The goals, policies and programs which apply to mineral resources are as follows:
1.4.1 Goals
1. Manage mineral resources in a manner which effectively plans for the access to, development and conservation of mineral resources for existing and future generations.
2. Identify and manage mineral resources in order to:
• Safeguard future access to the resource.
• Facilitate a long- term supply of mineral resources within the County.
• Minimize incompatibility between the extraction and production of the resource and neighboring land uses and the environment.
• Provide notice to landowners and the general public of the presence of significant mineral resource deposits.
3. Promote the utilization of mineral resources located close to urbanized areas before their extraction is precluded by urbanization.
4. Ensure that all mineral extractions are conducted in a manner which protects the environment and the public's health, safety and welfare.
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1.4.2 Policies
1. Applications for mineral resource development shall be reviewed to assure minimal disturbance to the environment and to assure that lands are reclaimed for appropriate uses which provide for and protect the public health, safety and welfare.
2. Mining operations shall comply with the requirements of the County Zoning Ordinance and standard conditions, and State laws and guidelines relating to mining and reclamation.
3. All discretionary permits for in- river mining shall be conditioned to incorporate all feasible measures to mitigate flooding and erosion impacts as well as impacts to water resources, biological resources, and beach sediment transport.
4. Petroleum exploration and production shall comply with the requirements of the County Zoning Ordinance and standard conditions, and State laws and guidelines relating to oil and gas exploration and production.
5. As existing petroleum permits are modified, they shall be conditioned so that production will be subject to appropriate environmental and jurisdictional review.
6. All General Plan amendments, zone changes, and discretionary developments shall be evaluated for their individual and cumulative impacts on access to and extraction of recognized mineral resources, in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act.
7. Mineral Resource Areas may be established, in whole or part, in accordance with the following criteria:
• Any area designated by the State Board of Mines and Geology as an area of statewide or regional significance pursuant to the provisions of the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975.
• Any area covered by a discretionary permit ( e. g. CUP) for mining of aggregate minerals determined to be of Statewide or regional significance.
8. Discretionary development within a Mineral Resource Area ( see Resource Protection Map) shall be subject to the provisions of the Mineral Resource Protection ( MRP) Overlay Zone, and is prohibited if the use will significantly hamper or preclude access to or the extraction of mineral resources.
9. The County is not obligated to approve discretionary entitlements for the development of mineral resources located in a Mineral Resource Area nor is it the County's intent to preclude mineral resource development from occurring outside of Mineral Resource Areas as identified on the Resource Protection Map ( Figure 1).
1.4.3 Programs
1. As new information regarding mineral resources is received from authoritative sources, the Planning Division will update the Mineral Resources Section of the County General Plan, where appropriate.
2. The Planning Division will continue to check for the existence of abandoned oil and gas wells on parcels of land before development occurs, with the highest priority being in those areas where there are existing or historic oil fields.
3. The Planning Division will continue the Oil Enforcement Program to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Zoning Ordinance and conditions of discretionary permits.
4. The Planning Division will prepare, and update as necessary, maps and other data indicating oil and gas reserves and production areas.
1.5 Biological Resources
Biological resources include plant and animal species and their habitats, plant communities and ecosystems.
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Vegetation
The diverse topography and climate of Ventura County provide an environment where a range of vegetation communities ( from Coastal sage- scrub to subalpine forest, from desert chaparral to riparian woodland) can maintain successful populations. Native vegetation in Ventura County can be categorized into seven general plant communities: grasslands, coastal sage- scrub, chaparral, oak woodland, riparian, pinyon- juniper, and timber- conifer ( see Resources Appendix).
Most native vegetation in the north half of the County has been preserved as a result of the low level of development in this area ( outside of Lockwood Valley). The exceptions are the large expanses of native grasslands that were eliminated by cattle ranching operations several decades ago. Development in the Lockwood Valley area has impacted the pinyon- juniper community; however, the higher elevations surrounding the valley contain nearly undisturbed stands of timber- conifer vegetation.
A large portion of the native vegetation in the south half of the County has been displaced as a result of urban and agricultural development. For the most part, this development is confined to the fertile valleys and plains, and along the coastline. Consequently, most of the mountainous areas in the south half still support significant native plant communities.
Chaparral is the most common plant community in the County. This community consists of woody shrubs and herbaceous plants, is generally located on steep slopes with rocky or heavy soils, and is characteristically dense and subject to fires. Large expanses of chaparral are found in the Santa Monica Mountains.
The Coastal sage- scrub community is located below the chaparral community, generally below 3000 feet, on dry, rocky slopes. It consists of woody shrubs, and is a more open community than the Chaparral. Substantial areas of this community remain on South Mountain and in the Simi Hills and Santa Susana Knolls areas; however, these populations are threatened by encroaching residential development.
Grassland vegetation is not common, and as groundcover, is usually associated with oak- woodland or open areas. The La Jolla Valley in Point Mugu State Park is the only area in the County that still contains native bunch grasses in pure stands, and is considered a locally unique habitat.
The oak woodland community in Ventura County contains the easily identifiable valley oaks, with trees 20 to 60 feet tall and grassland and soft shrubs as groundcover, as found in the Thousand Oaks, Lake Casitas, and Hidden Valley areas. A large area of foothill oak woodland is found on Sulphur Mountain.
Riparian vegetation is found in wetlands along most of the permanent and ephemeral streams within the County. Typical trees of this community include sycamores, willows, cottonwoods, and alders. Extensive riparian growth now lines Piru, Sespe, and Santa Paula Creeks, and the Santa Clara and Ventura Rivers. These riparian areas provide both essential habitat and migration corridors for wildlife in Ventura County.
Fish And Wildlife
The naturally vegetated areas of the County provide shelter, food, and nesting areas to create habitats for a wide variety of animal species. Each plant community has different characteristics which support different species of wildlife, although an animal species may use various habitats at different times of the year or at various stages in the animal's life cycle.
The low- elevation, drier plant communities, such as the grasslands, coastal sage- scrub, and chaparral, support a wildlife population which includes rodents, insectivores, hares, foxes, coyotes, raptors ( such as hawks, falcon, owls, and eagles) and numerous perching birds, from hummingbirds to ravens. The upland plant communities, such as the oak woodlands, pinyon- juniper, and timber- conifer, provide habitats for larger animals, and include populations of bobcat and mountain lion, mule deer, and black bear, in addition to a game population of quail, rabbit, tree squirrel, band- tailed pigeon, dove, turkey, and chukar ( partridge). Reptiles are commonly found throughout the County.
Several hundred species of vertebrates find permanent and transitory range in the varied habitats and topography of the Los Padres National Forest. These species are listed in the U. S. Forest Service
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Wildlife Survey of 1982. The number of individuals of many of these species is below optimum replacement levels, a result of the declining quality of habitats and deficient vegetation management.
Riparian areas support a great intensity and diversity of species. These species include the bank swallow, western yellow- billed cuckoo, southern rubber boa, and migratory waterfowl. Populations of these species have greatly diminished as a result of human intrusion and degradation of their habitats.
Locally Unique Habitats
Ventura County contains several unique habitats that support a variety of plants and animals found nowhere else in the country.
The coastal wetlands and lagoons found along the south coast of the County provide shelter, forage, and nesting areas for thousands of birds, fish, mollusks, crabs, seals, and many other marine organisms and plants. The wetland area with the richest diversity is the Mugu Lagoon, which shelters the remnants of many plant, bird, fish, and insect populations which once inhabited the coast from the Ventura River to the Santa Monica Mountains. Other wetlands include the McGrath Lake and Ormond Beach areas, and the mouths of the Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers. These areas are considered significant biological resources.
Ventura County also has two large areas set aside as sanctuaries for the California condor. Although there are ( as of 1986) no longer any of these birds living in the wild, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service remains hopeful that its Condor Recovery program, involving captive breeding and eventual release, will again allow the condor to safely exist and repopulate in Southern California. As a result, both Matilija and Sespe Condor Sanctuaries remain as significant biological habitats, as shown on the Biological Resources Map in the Resources Appendix.
The Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge is just outside of the Los Padres National Forest, east and south of, and adjacent to, the Sespe Condor Sanctuary. It is a traditional feeding site for the California condor, and is currently operated as a cattle ranch. In addition, a variety of raptors, including prairie falcons, and red- tailed and Cooper's hawks, populate this area.
The Sespe Creek is designated as a " Wild Trout Stream" by the State of California. The steelhead trout, an anadromous fish, uses this stream as its spawning area. The Pacific lamprey, an anadromous fish, also uses the Sespe Creek and the Santa Clara River for its spawning area. The creek also supports a significant population of rainbow trout, cousin to the steelhead. The " Wild Trout Stream" designation affords some protection of water flows and riparian vegetation, both threatened by water development projects. In addition, the Forest Service has proposed that a 28 ½ mile portion of Sespe Creek receive a " Wild and Scenic River" designation. The Sespe is also mapped as a significant biological resource.
Endangered, Threatened And Rare Species
Ventura County is host to numerous species of plants and animals that are endangered, threatened, rare, or considered to be a candidate species for one of those designations. A full listing of these species, with their State and Federal designations, and a general description of their locations is found in the Resources Appendix. The areas where these species are located are also designated on the Significant Biological Resources Map in the Resources Appendix.
Although fish and wildlife are generally renewable resources, the rates of renewal are usually very slow and are often impeded by the disruptive forces or urbanization, human harassment, predator control, and pollution. The species and ecosystems in this County are of aesthetic, ecological, educational, historic, recreational and scientific value to the people of Ventura County and the nation as a whole.
The goal, policies and programs which apply to biological resources are as follows:
1.5.1 Goal
Preserve and protect significant biological resources in Ventura County from incompatible land uses and development. Significant biological resources include endangered, threatened or rare species and their habitats, wetland habitats, coastal habitats, wildlife migration corridors and locally important species/ communities. Ventura County General Plan - GOALS, POLICIES & PROGRAMS ( 1- 27- 04 edition)
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1.5.2 Policies
1. Discretionary development which could potentially impact biological resources shall be evaluated by a qualified biologist to assess impacts and, if necessary, develop mitigation measures.
2. Discretionary development shall be sited and designed to incorporate all feasible measures to mitigate any significant impacts to biological resources. If the impacts cannot be reduced to a less than significant level, findings of overriding considerations must be made by the decision- making body.
3. Discretionary development that is proposed to be located within 300 feet of a marsh, small wash, intermittent lake, intermittent stream, spring, or perennial stream ( as identified on the latest USGS 7 ½ minute quad map), shall be evaluated by a County approved biologist for potential impacts on wetland habitats. Discretionary development that would have a significant impact on significant wetland habitats shall be prohibited, unless mitigation measures are adopted that would reduce the impact to a less than significant level; or for lands designated " Urban" or " Existing Community", a statement of overriding considerations is adopted by the decision- making body.
4. Discretionary development shall be sited a minimum of 100 feet from significant wetland habitats to mitigate the potential impacts on said habitats. Buffer areas may be increased or decreased upon evaluation and recommendation by a qualified biologist and approval by the decision- making body. Factors to be used in determining adjustment of the 100 foot buffer include soil type, slope stability, drainage patterns, presence or absence of endangered, threatened or rare plants or animals, and compatibility of the proposed development with the wildlife use of the wetland habitat area. The requirement of a buffer ( setback) shall not preclude the use of replacement as a mitigation when there is no other feasible alternative to allowing a permitted use, and if the replacement results in no net loss of wetland habitat. Such replacement shall be " in kind" ( i. e. same type and acreage), and provide wetland habitat of comparable biological value. On- site replacement shall be preferred wherever possible. The replacement plan shall be developed in consultation with California Department of Fish and Game.
5. The California Department of Fish and Game, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Audubon Society and the California Native Plant Society shall be consulted when discretionary development may affect significant biological resources. The National Park Service shall also be consulted regarding discretionary development within the Santa Monica Mountains or Oak Park Area.
1.5.3 Programs
1. The Planning Division, in conjunction with State and Federal agencies, will identify those areas of the County that are considered to be critical habitats of endangered, threatened or rare species as well as for other significant biological resources.
2. The Planning Division will retain a list of qualified biological consultants for the purpose of providing information to complete Initial Studies and Environmental Impact Reports.
3. The Fire Protection District, in conjunction with the California Department of Forestry ( CDF), will, under the California Vegetation Management Program, continue the use of prescribed burning to mimic the effects of natural fires in order to reduce the fire hazard to human residents and to enhance the health of biotic communities.
4. The Planning Division shall prepare a program proposal, for Board of Supervisors' consideration, to map significant wetland habitat areas and amend the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance in order to establish a Biological Resource Protection Overlay designation/ zone which would require all development in said overlay areas to be evaluated for impacts on significant wetland habitat areas.
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1.6 Farmland Resources
Agriculture plays an important role in the National, State, and County economy. Ventura County is one of the principal agricultural counties in the State, ranking tenth in 1987, with a total income of over 610 million dollars and ranked seventeenth in farm earnings out of 3,175 counties nationally.
This high productivity is made possible by the County's abundance of the natural resources required for agricultural production; primarily soils, water, climate and topography.
The first step in evaluating and preserving farmland is to inventory existing resources. For inventorying County farmlands, the Federal Important Farmlands Inventory ( IFI) system is used. This system generally evaluates farmland in light of its productive capabilities rather than the mere presence of ideal soil conditions. The system effectively recognizes a great deal of land in California and Ventura County which would not ordinarily be classified as " prime" under the old evaluation system, but which is, nevertheless, among the most productive land in the country.
The Important Farmland Inventory uses five classifications: Prime Farmland, Farmland of Statewide Importance, Unique Farmland, Farmland of Local Importance, and Grazing Land. The minimum mapping unit is 10 acres, except for Grazing Land which is 40 acres. Areas smaller than the minimum mapping unit are not considered as agricultural land.
Prime Farmland and Farmland of Statewide Importance were identified by the Department of Conservation in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service. Both Unique Farmland and Farmland of Local Importance are identified by local advisory committees composed of members of the agricultural community, citizens groups, and concerned public agencies. ( For a map of Important Farmlands Inventory, refer to Resources Appendix.)
Erosion of soil is a problem in much of the County. This erosion problem is closely correlated with steep slopes or areas subject to flooding. Agricultural development on hillsides has caused erosion and the subsequent siltation.
The County has adopted a number of programs designed to preserve farmland. These programs include:
• The Agricultural land use designation ( see Land Use Chapter), which established a forty acre minimum parcel size and A- E zoning;
• Participation in Greenbelt Agreements and the Guidelines for Orderly Development with the cities which seek to prevent urban encroachment into agricultural areas ( see Land Use Chapter).
• Widespread use of Land Conservation Act Contracts to provide tax rate reductions as an incentive for maintaining agriculture.
• Participation in numerous water resource development and conservation programs to ensure long- term availability of water for agriculture.
The goals, policies, and programs which apply to farmland are as follows:
1.6.1 Goals
1. Preserve and protect irrigated agricultural lands as a nonrenewable resource to assure the continued availability of such lands for the production of food, fiber and ornamentals.
2. Encourage the continuation and development of facilities and programs that enhance the marketing of County grown agricultural products.
1.6.2 Policies
1. Discretionary development located on land designated as Agricultural ( see Land Use Chapter) and identified as Prime Farmland or Farmland of Statewide Importance on the State's Important Farmland Inventory, shall be planned and designed to remove as little land as possible from potential agricultural production and to minimize impacts on topsoil.
2. Hillside agricultural grading shall be regulated by the Public Works Agency through the Hillside Erosion Control Ordinance.
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3. Land Conservation Act ( LCA) Contracts shall be encouraged on irrigated farmlands.
4. The Public Works Agency shall plan transportation capital improvements so as to mitigate impacts to important farmlands to the extent feasible.
5. The County shall preserve agricultural land by retaining and expanding the existing Greenbelt Agreements and encouraging the formation of additional Greenbelt Agreements.
6. Discretionary development adjacent to Agricultural- designated lands shall not conflict with agricultural use of those lands.
1.6.3 Programs
1. The Planning Division, in conjunction with the Agricultural Commissioner, Farm Advisor, Agricultural Advisory Committee and Assessor's Office, will administer, periodically review, and update as necessary the County's Land Conservation Act Guidelines and standard contract language.
2. The Planning Division, in conjunction with the Agricultural Commissioner, Farm Advisor and Agricultural Advisory Committee, will develop and implement standards governing development adjacent to agricultural uses. The standards should address fencing and spray buffers between agricultural areas and residences, off- site flood control measures, siltation control from grading operations and the development of a standard County- imposed entitlement condition which notifies new property owners of County and State laws protecting agricultural operations. After the development of standards, they could be added as policies into the General Plan to guide future land use decisions.
3. The Planning Division will continue to work with State and Federal agencies to periodically update the Important Farmlands Inventory Map to reflect current conditions.
4. The Planning Division will prepare an annual status report on Land Conservation Act Contracts ( LCA), agricultural acreage, and other agriculture related information.
1.7 Scenic Resources
The visual beauty and aesthetic quality of the natural landscape in Ventura County is perhaps one of its most significant resources. The scenic resources of Ventura County, especially the coastline, within the viewshed of the County's lakes, and along designated State and County Scenic Highways, are of considerable value both in providing a pleasurable environment for local citizens and in stimulating tourism. Coastline resources are discussed in the Coastal Area Plan, and lake resources and scenic highways are discussed in the Resources Appendix.
The County's natural visual resources are largely composed of the varied topography, exposed geological formations, heterogeneous vegetation, beaches and waterways. The man- made environment of parks, golf courses, harbors, public buildings, and major commercial, industrial, and residential developments can also contribute to, or detract from, scenic resource quality.
Conservation of scenic resources is most critical where the resources will be frequently and readily viewed, as from a highway, or where the resource is particularly unique. Ventura County has identified the viewsheds of lakes and other scenic areas as may be identified by an area plan, as being worthy of special protection via identification as Scenic Resource Areas.
The Resources Appendix describes the provisions of the State Scenic Highway Law for the regulation of land uses within the viewshed of a State Scenic Highway. The entire length of Highway 33 from milepost 17.5 to the Santa Barbara County line has been designated as a State Scenic Highway, and is identified as a Scenic Highway Area on the Resource Protection Map ( Figure 1).
The goals, policies and programs which apply to scenic resources include:
1.7.1 Goals
1. Preserve and protect the significant open views and visual resources of the County.
2. Protect the visual resources within the viewshed of designated scenic highways, lakes and other scenic areas as may be identified by an area plan.
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3. Enhance and maintain the visual appearance of buildings and developments.
1.7.2 Policies
1. Notwithstanding Policies 1.7.2- 2 and - 3, discretionary development which would significantly degrade visual resources or significantly alter or obscure public views of visual resources shall be prohibited unless no feasible mitigation measures are available and the decision- making body determines there are overriding considerations.
2. Scenic Resource Areas as depicted on the Resource Protection Map ( Figure 1), shall be governed by the provisions of the Scenic Resource Protection ( SRP) Overlay Zone which include the following:
( 1) Any request for significant grading shall be evaluated through the discretionary permit process.
( 2) Removal, damaging or destruction of protected trees shall be in compliance with the County's " Tree Protection Regulations".
( 3) No discretionary development shall be approved which would significantly degrade or destroy a scenic view or vista.
( 4) No freestanding off- site advertising signs shall be permitted.
Federally- owned land is not subject to the Scenic Resource Protection Overlay Zone and is not subject to any permit requirements as specified under ( 1) or ( 2) above. To the extent possible, the agencies responsible for the administration of land use activities on Federally owned land should consider Policies ( 3) and ( 4) above in the planning and administration of new land uses within Scenic Resource Areas.
3. Scenic Highway Areas as depicted on the Resource Protection Map ( Figure 1) shall be governed by the provisions of the Scenic Highway Protection ( SHP) Overlay Zone which includes the following:
( 1) All development shall require a Planned Development Permit.
( 2) Removal, damaging or destruction of a protected tree shall be in compliance with the County's " Tree Protection Regulations".
( 3) All new development shall be sited and designed to:
a. Minimize alteration of the natural topography and physical processes;
b. Prevent significant degradation of the scenic resource;
c. Minimize cut and fill operations, and area of disturbance;
d. Utilize native plants indigenous to the area whenever possible for revegetation;
e. Incorporate best feasible mitigation measures; and
f. Incorporate tree protection during construction.
( 4) Off- site signs are prohibited in the SHP Overlay Zone.
Federally- owned land is not subject to the Scenic Highway Protection Overlay Zone and is not subject to any permit requirements as specified under ( 1) or ( 2) above. To the extent possible, the agencies responsible for the administration of land use activities on Federally owned land should consider Policies ( 3) and ( 4) above in the planning and administration of new land uses within Scenic Highway Areas.
4. Proposed undergrounding of overhead utilities within Scenic Resource Areas or Scenic Highway Areas shall be given first priority by the Public Works Agency in utilizing the County's allocation of Utility Undergrounding Funds.
5. The Planning Division shall continue to implement the landscaping requirements of the Zoning Ordinance and the " Guide to Landscape Plans" to enhance the appearance of discretionary development. Ventura County General Plan - GOALS, POLICIES & PROGRAMS ( 1- 27- 04 edition)
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1.7.3 Programs
1. The Planning Division, in coordination with appropriate State and local agencies, will inventory and take steps to preserve and maintain unique natural features, and other scenic resources. These areas could be included in future Scenic Resource Areas and Scenic Highway Areas for consideration by the Board of Supervisors.
2. The Planning Division will continue to seek official State Scenic Highway designations for County designated Scenic Highways.
1.8 Paleontological and Cultural Resources
Paleontological resources are the fossilized remains of ancient plants and animals.
A wide variety of paleontological resources exist in both the North and South halves of the County. The diverse geology of the Transverse Ranges encompasses many different kinds of fossil organisms. These fossil remains provide a record of lifeforms over millions of years, as well as having potential economic value.
The term cultural resources is most frequently identified with prehistoric ( archaeological) or historic material items. These include prehistoric and historic districts, sites, structures, artifacts and other evidence of human use considered to be of importance to a culture, subculture, or a community for traditional, religious, scientific or other reasons. Cultural resources in Ventura County include: prehistoric aboriginal Indian sites, historic areas of occupation and activity, or features of the natural environment. Cultural resources also include less tangible, nonmaterial resources. These may include cognitive systems ( including meanings and values attached to items of material culture, biota, and the physical environment), religion and world views, traditional or customary behavior patterns, kinship and social organization, folklore, and so on.
Archaeological resources refer to the material remains ( artifacts, structures, refuse, etc.) produced purposely or accidentally by human beings. The scientific study of these remains can result in the identification of activities, types of adaptation to the environment, and changes in activities and organization that were experienced by groups of people in the past. Furthermore, these remains often have special significance to Native Americans, ethnic groups, special interest groups ( i. e., avocational archaeologists), and the general public.
Archaeological sites exist throughout the County, particularly adjacent to existing and previously existing natural water and food sources. Many sites have been located, and according to existing data, many potential sites remain undiscovered.
In the North Half there are 106 cultural resource sites which are recorded with Ventura County numbers in the official clearinghouse ( at the University of California - Los Angeles). The Forest Service has surveyed and recorded an additional 71 sites and the Bureau of Land Management surveyed the Hungry Valley area and recorded 57 for a total of 234 known sites as of 1987. Two archaeological sites in the North Half are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and are characterized by a variety of remains including shells and shark’s teeth.
Several Chumash villages in the North Half contain caves with elaborate artwork. A preliminary list of special management properties compiled by the Forest Service in the Los Padres National Forest ( as of March, 1985) included both Mount Pinos and Frazier Mountain as sites of value to the practice of Indian religion. These sites are considered by many Native Americans to be the center of the Chumash world. Sespe Hot Springs and Nordhoff Peak are also significant religious sites.
In the South Half there are three archaeological sites on the National Register: Burro Flats Painted Cave, Calleguas Creek Archaeological Site and a lithic scatter ( the remnants of stone implement fabrication) in Senior Canyon. In addition, many other significant sites are located in the South Half, including many large villages located near the coast and along major waterways.
Historical resources refer to the material and nonmaterial expressions of human adaptations which characterized the post- contact or historic period. These resources include historic event or activity sites, historic archaeological sites, standing architecture and other significant properties, and documents and other sources of historical information, objects of material culture, and, secondarily,
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the more nonmaterial cultural qualities such as folklore, social organization, and value systems which are associated with these properties.
The Ventura County Cultural Heritage Board recommends cultural, archaeological and historical resources for designation as County Historical Landmarks. The 42 landmark categories range from adobes to wharf sites. There are 156 sites designated Countywide. In the North Half, four sites are so designated. Sites in the South Half include homes, oil industry workings, ranches, groves of trees, cemeteries, portions of the Mission Aqueduct, and others. The list is quite diverse and properties are regularly considered for addition to the Landmarks list by the Cultural Heritage Board.
There are 16 historic sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Thirteen of these are also designated as County Landmarks and five of the 13 are California Historical Landmarks.
The goals, policies and programs which apply to paleontological and cultural resources are as follows:
1.8.1 Goals
1. Identify, inventory, preserve and protect the paleontological and cultural resources of Ventura County ( including archaeological, historical and Native American resources) for their scientific, educational and cultural value.
2. Enhance cooperation with cities, special districts, other appropriate organizations, and private landowners in acknowledging and preserving the County's paleontological and cultural resources.
1.8.2 Policies
1. Discretionary developments shall be assessed for potential paleontological and cultural resource impacts, except when exempt from such requirements by CEQA. Such assessments shall be incorporated into a Countywide paleontological and cultural resource data base.
2. Discretionary development shall be designed or re- designed to avoid potential impacts to significant paleontological or cultural resources whenever possible. Unavoidable impacts, whenever possible, shall be reduced to a less than significant level and/ or shall be mitigated by extracting maximum recoverable data. Determinations of impacts, significance and mitigation shall be made by qualified archaeological ( in consultation with recognized local Native American groups), historical or paleontological consultants, depending on the type of resource in question.
3. Mitigation of significant impacts on cultural or paleontological resources shall follow the Guidelines of the State Office of Historic Preservation, the State Native American Heritage Commission, and shall be performed in consultation with professionals in their respective areas of expertise
4. Confidentiality regarding locations of archaeological sites throughout the County shall be maintained in order to preserve and protect these resources from vandalism and the unauthorized removal of artifacts.
5. During environmental review of discretionary development the reviewing agency shall be responsible for identifying sites having potential archaeological, architectural or historical significance and this information shall be provided to the County Cultural Heritage Board for evaluation.
6. The Building and Safety Division shall utilize the State Historic Building Code for preserving historic sites in the County.
1.8.3 Programs
1. The County Cultural Heritage Board will continue to assist the County of Ventura in identifying and preserving significant County architectural and historical landmarks.
2. The Planning Division will continue to compile and retain a list of qualified archaeological, historical, and paleontological consultants to provide additional information to complete Initial Studies and Environmental Analyses
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3. The General Services Agency will continue to develop a cultural resources program at Oakbrook Park emphasizing Chumash history and heritage.
1.9 Energy Resources
Energy is an equally essential resource to the modern day world as are land, air, and water resources. It is required for all human activity and provides the power necessary to operate and maintain our way of life.
Ventura County relies primarily on an interrelated energy system. Electricity and natural gas are the primary forms of household energy while petroleum is the primary energy source for most modes of transportation. The utilization of each of these energy sources raises energy resource availability, environmental and conservation issues.
Considerable energy can be saved in new and existing buildings through efficient design, more efficient appliances, and the use of renewable energy resources. Buildings use 40% of the nation's energy. Much of this energy can be saved by fitting existing buildings with energy conservation systems and utilization of renewable energy such as solar energy. Other renewable energy resources include: hydroelectricity, biomass ( organic matter), wind and cogeneration. The sun is the most abundant source of renewable energy. Efficient use of public transportation and the encouragement of van pools and carpools could make significant energy conservation contributions.
Land use patterns and development practices have a profound effect on energy usage. New buildings can be expected to have a natural life span of 50 years or more. For energy planning purposes, building size, design and arrangement, the mix of land uses, and the geographic extent of the built environment are critical factors with long- term implications. Because land use patterns determine distances between residential, commercial and industrial developments, they influence an individual's decision to walk, bicycle, drive or use public transit. Development practices directly affect the amount of energy needed to operate a building. Building orientation, color, shading, windows and landscaping are among the many factors that can be manipulated to optimize opportunities for energy conservation.
The goals, policies and programs which apply to energy resources are as follows:
1.9.1 Goals
1. Promote land use patterns which minimize energy consumption.
2. Encourage the use of renewable sources of energy and energy conservation techniques in new development.
3. Encourage retrofit programs for energy conservation.
4. Encourage increased fuel efficiency of vehicles and decreased number and length of vehicle trips.
1.9.2 Policies
1. Discretionary development shall be evaluated for impact to energy resources and utilization of energy conservation techniques.
2. Land use policies in area plans should be developed to promote energy conservation and should include the following:
( 1) The pattern of residential, commercial and industrial land use should be compact, relate to transit routes and centers and minimize vehicular travel.
( 2) The infill of vacant lots should be encouraged over step- out developments.
3. Energy efficiency and renewable energy use shall be included as factors in designing capital improvement projects of all County agencies, departments and service areas.
4. The Building and Safety Division shall continue to implement Title 24 energy efficiency standards for buildings.
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5. Tentative subdivision maps shall provide, to the extent feasible, for passive or natural heating or cooling opportunities in the subdivision.
1.9.3 Programs
1. The General Services Agency will review its energy consumption performance and implement programs designed to increase energy efficiency in County buildings, including, but not limited to:
• installation of insulation where feasible,
• installation of plumbing flow restrictors,
• reduced operating hours for heating, ventilating and lighting systems,
• installation of weather stripping on all openable doors and windows,
• development of energy audit and energy management programs,
• implementation of operation and maintenance programs which contribute to energy conservation,
• develop energy audits and energy management programs for all County facilities,
• develop a plan to re- invest utility company rebates and utility savings into a long range funding program for on- going conservation projects,
• implement operational and maintenance programs which contribute to energy conservation,
• investigate and implement new energy technologies such as solar and fuel cells,
• install energy management systems in all County facilities to control air conditioning and lighting systems,
• install ceiling, wall, and roof insulation whenever feasible,
• install plumbing flow restrictors in toilets, lavatories and showers, and
• provide energy conservation training and literature to all County agencies.
2. The Solid Waste Management Department will seek to reduce the amount of waste disposed and energy consumed and implement where viable:
• source reduction,
• recycling programs,
• waste composting programs, and
• public information programs.
3. The County will continue to implement the Air Pollution Control District's Trip Reduction Rule 210 which reduces energy consumption and improves air quality. This would include, but is not limited to:
• promotion of park- and- ride lots,
• promotion of Countywide Transit Information Center,
• promotion of Commuter Rail System,
• ridesharing promotion,
• modified work schedules,
• parking management programs,
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• employer- sponsored van pools, and
• public transit promotion.
1.10 Coastal Beaches and Sand Dunes
Sandy beaches are nourished largely by the weathering of coastal bluffs and dunes, and by riverine transport of material to the sea. Ventura County has three major sources of beach sand: the Santa Clara River ( contributing 60%), the other rivers and streams ( 10%), and beaches upcoast of the Ventura River ( 30%). The total volume of sand contributed by these sources is estimated to vary from 200,000 to 1,700,000 cubic yards or 1,000,000 cubic yard average per year ( Ventura County Flood Control District, 1979). This sand becomes part of the Santa Barbara littoral cell in which the north to south littoral drift terminates in the Mugu and Hueneme submarine canyons.
A littoral cell is a section of shoreline where the flow of sand begins at a major sediment source and terminates at a major sediment sink, such as submarine canyon. In Ventura County, waves moving in the direction of prevailing westerly to northwesterly winds generally meet the beaches at a slight angle because of the shoreline's orientation from northwest to southeast. The resultant effect is a net movement of sand over time from northwest to southeast along the beaches.
The maintenance of sandy beaches is critical because beaches serve as natural buffers between wave action and easily eroded uplands. Sandy beaches tend to dissipate wave energy, yet incur very little damage. Naturally occurring buffer zones ( such as coastal sand dunes) are generally much more effective at reducing wave damage and protecting the coastline than are man- made protective devices ( Department of Navigation and Ocean Development, 1979).
The recreation value of beaches and their contribution to the County tourist industry is significant. Loss of recreation and private beaches has occurred along the North Coast of the County with attendant loss of surfing areas as well. Loss of beach homes from storm damage has occurred in areas of beach depletion. Countywide, beaches are eroding at the rate of 0.7 feet per year ( Army Corps of Engineers, Ventura County Survey Report for Beach Erosion Control, May 1980).
Sand dunes constitute another important coastal resource. Major sand dune communities are found in the McGrath- Mandalay area, at Ormond Beach, in the vicinity of Point Mugu, and near the mouths of the Santa Clara and Ventura Rivers.
Generally, sand dunes form as windblown sand collects on an object of obstruction. Coastal sand dunes are extremely fragile, yet highly protective. They inhibit beach erosion and form a protective buffer from both wind and wave action for areas and resources, both natural and man- made, immediately inland. They also protect coastal salt marshes and wetlands. Coastal dunes also have biological significance. In this County, they provide nesting habitat for the snowy plover, the California least tern ( an endangered species), and a number of other shore birds. They also support a variety of coastal plant species, including the sand verbena, the sea rocket, the sea fig, and others. Vegetation is particularly important to the maintenance of the dunes, insofar as it serves to stabilize the dunes and promote dune formation.
Coastal dune formations are dynamic in nature, migrating and reforming, depending on wind and wave patterns and coastal topography. Development in the vicinity of dunes is therefore, often subject to sand encroachment, which results in increased costs for street sweeping and sand removal.
The ecological as well as protective characteristics of dune communities can be easily altered by human activities, especially development and off- road vehicle use. Additionally, unrestricted pedestrian access may, on a cumulative basis, result in the trampling and loss of dune vegetation and ultimately in the degradation of the community and loss of the dune.
For a discussion of coastal wave and beach erosion hazards, refer to Section 2.11 of the Hazards Chapter.
The goal, policies and program which apply to coastal beaches and sand dunes are as follows:
1.10.1 Goal
Protect and conserve coastal beaches and sand dunes.
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1.10.2 Policies
1. Discretionary development which would cause significant impacts to coastal beaches or sand dunes shall be prohibited unless the development is conditioned to mitigate the impacts to less than significant levels.
2. Discretionary developments which would result in the removal of dune vegetation shall be conditioned to replace the vegetation.
3. All shoreline protective structures which alter natural shoreline processes shall be designed to eliminate or mitigate adverse impacts on local shoreline sand supplies.
4. Discretionary permits for all mining activities in County streams and rivers shall incorporate all feasible measures to mitigate beach sand replenishment impacts.
1.10.3 Program
Ventura County will continue to participate in the BEACON ( Beach Erosion Authority for Control Operations and Nourishment) Joint Powers Agreement, created in 1986 with Santa Barbara County and all coastal Cities, to promote beach sand replenishment and coordinate government funding efforts to fight beach erosion.
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2. Hazards
This Chapter of the County General Plan identifies goals, policies, and programs relating to known existing and potential hazards, and other significant physical constraints to development/ land use. The specific goals, policies, and programs are organized under the following major headings: ( 1) general goals, policies and programs, ( 2) fault rupture, ( 3) ground shaking, ( 4) liquefaction, ( 5) seiche, ( 6) tsunami, ( 7) landslides/ mudslides, ( 8) expansive soils, ( 9) subsidence, ( 10) flood hazard, ( 11) inundation from dam failure, ( 12) coastal wave and beach erosion, ( 13) fire hazards, ( 14) transportation- related hazards, ( 15) hazardous materials and waste, ( 16) noise hazards, and ( 17) civil disturbance
More detailed information about the identified hazards and the County’s emergency management practices may be found in the Multihazard Functional Plan maintained by the Sheriff’s Office of Emergency Services.
2.1 General Goals, Policies And Programs
The following general goals, policies and programs apply to hazards:
2.1.1 Goals
1. Identify all major hazards and other physical constraints to development in Ventura County, and convey this information to all appropriate parties.
2. Protect public health, safety and general welfare from identified hazards and potential disasters.
3. Shield public and private property and essential facilities from identified hazards and potential disasters.
4. Minimize loss of life, injury, damage to structures, and economic and social dislocations resulting from identified hazards and potential disasters.
2.1.2 Policies
1. Applicants for land use and development permits shall provide all necessary information relative to identified hazards that may affect or be affected by their proposed project. Applicants shall also specify how they intend to mitigate identified hazards.
2. All geologic and soil engineering reports submitted with land use and development permit applications, including recommendations for measures to eliminate or mitigate possible hazards, shall be signed by qualified personnel registered and certified by the State in the appropriate discipline, such as Professional Engineers and/ or Certified Engineering Geologists.
3. Essential facilities, special occupancy structures and hazardous materials storage facilities shall be designed and constructed to resist forces generated by earthquakes, gravity, precipitation, fire and winds.
4. Develop, maintain and enhance mutual training and aid agreements with other public agencies, and cooperatively plan to prevent and respond to regional emergencies.
2.1.3 Programs
1. The County Planning Division, with the technical support of the Public Works Agency and other applicable agencies, should periodically review the Hazards Appendix to identify what information needs to be updated, and where appropriate, will submit a budget request as part of the next year's County budget.
2. CEO- Risk Management, Health, Safety & Loss Prevention ( HSLP) will continue to provide advisory guidance to GSA- Facilities & Materials in administration of the Seismic Management Program. The program, which is applicable to all County- owned buildings and facilities,
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addresses structural, nonstructural, lifelines and life safety issues related to earthquake events.
3. The County Building and Safety Division should prepare a program for Board consideration to reduce structural deficiencies through the removal, reinforcement, or modification of the structures whose failure could cause significant numbers of injuries, substantial loss of life, or unacceptable level of economic loss.
4. California Geologic Survey ( CGS) maps are periodically revised and updated and will be subsequently incorporated into the General Plan, within the budgetary limitations of the Planning Division.
5. The County Sheriff's Department Office of Emergency Services ( OES) will continue to maintain and periodically update the Ventura County Multihazard Functional Plan, including mitigation measures and preparedness, response, and recovery strategies for the following twelve hazard specific contingency sections ( i. e., plans): Earthquake Hazards, Hazardous Materials and Waste, Flood and Flood Hazards, Inundation from Dam Failure, Transportation Related Hazards, Civil Unrest, Terrorism, National Security Emergency, Landslides/ Mudslides, Tsunami, Marine Oil Spill, and Fire Hazards. To the extent feasible, County agencies will, and other public agencies are encouraged to, participate in joint emergency planning and response training, and cooperatively respond to emergencies when they occur.
6. All agencies involved in warning and evacuation activities should periodically review and, if necessary, update their plans and procedures for the hazards defined and described in this Chapter, and shall provide updated hazard and constraint information to the Planning Division when available.
7. The Building and Safety Division will continue to enforce requirements of the California Building Code pertaining to earthquake- resistant design and construction.
8. The Building and Safety Division will comply with applicable provisions of Chapter 12.2 ( commencing with Sec. 8875), Division 1, of Title 2 of the Government Code, pertaining to identification of potentially hazardous buildings in the unincorporated area of Ventura County, and establishment of a mitigation program for such potentially hazardous buildings.
9. The Planning Division and the Resource Management Agency Mapping, GIS and Graphic Services should maintain the Hazards Maps on the Geographic Information System and should update changes as needed.
2.2 Fault Rupture
A fault is a fracture in the earth's crust accompanied by displacement of one side of the fracture with respect to the other side. Most faults result from repeated displacement that has taken place suddenly or by " slow creep" over time.
An active fault ( or " Holocene Fault") is a fault that shows evidence of movement during the Holocene Epoch ( within the last 11,000 years) and can be expected to move within the next 100 years.
A potentially active fault is either: ( 1) a fault known to have been active in the Pleistocene Epoch ( Between 11,000 and 1.6 million years before the present date), but cannot be shown to be inactive in the Holocene Epoch or is shown by direct geologic evidence to be inactive during the Holocene Epoch, or; ( 2) a fault which, because it is judged to be still capable of ground rupture or shaking, poses an unacceptable risk for an existing or proposed structure.
An inactive fault is a fault that shows no evidence of movement in the last 1.6 million years. A fault zone is a zone of related faults that may be braided or sub- parallel and the zone has a significant width.
The County of Ventura lies within the seismically active region of Southern California and is transected by many faults. Currently, there are 14 active fault hazard zones in the South Half of the County. The Big Pine Fault, located in proximity to the northeast County boundary and bisecting Lockwood Valley,
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is the only currently known active fault located in the North Half of the County. The San Andreas Fault extends just outside of the northern County boundary.
Additional fault hazard areas will most likely be designated in the future as additional information becomes available.
The State Legislature, concerned about public safety near hazardous faults, enacted the Alquist- Priolo Special Studies Zones Act in 1972 ( now known as the Alquist- Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act of 1994). To assure that structures for human occupancy are not built across or on active faults, the Act requires a geological investigation before local governments can approve most development projects located in the Act's earthquake fault zones. In 1975 the State Geologist made a policy decision to zone faults that have a relatively high potential for ground rupture and utilizes the terms of “ sufficiently active” and “ well- defined” to constitute the criteria for zoning faults. “ Sufficiently active” requires evidence of Holocene surface displacement along one or more of the fault segments or branches. Displacement need not be present along the entire fault for the fault to be zoned. “ Well defined” requires that the trace of the fault be clearly detectable by a trained geologist as a physical feature at or just below the ground surface.
The goal, policies and programs that apply to fault rupture are as follows:
2.2.1 Goal
Minimize the risk of loss of life, injury, collapse of habitable structures, and economic and social dislocations resulting from fault rupture.
2.2.2 Policies
1. Detailed geologic investigations performed by Certified Engineering Geologists are required for all proposed habitable structures in Earthquake Fault Hazard Zones as defined by the Alquist- Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act. Development will not be allowed unless the investigation confirms that the proposed habitable structures are not subject to fault rupture hazard. Proposed developments that are located at the ends of the Earthquake Fault Hazard Zones may be required, at the discretion of the Public Works Agency Certified Engineering Geologist, to be evaluated for earthquake fault rupture hazards.
2. No habitable structures shall be located across or on any active fault zone as defined by the Alquist- Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act. Furthermore, no habitable structures shall be located within 50 feet of the mapped trace of an active fault unless an appropriate geologic investigation and report demonstrates that the site is not subject to a fault rupture hazard.
3. All development projects involving construction within Earthquake Fault Hazard Zones ( as depicted on the State of California, Earthquake Fault Hazards Map for County of Ventura; Figure 2), shall be reviewed by the Public Works Agency Certified Engineering Geologist in accordance with the requirements of the Alquist- Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act and the policies and criteria established by the State pursuant to said Act.
4. Land in Earthquake Fault Hazard Zones and potentially active fault areas should, where feasible, be designated Open Space or Agriculture on the General Land Use Maps.
5. Roads, streets, highways, utility conduits, and oil and gas pipelines, shall be planned to avoid crossing active faults where feasible. When such location is unavoidable, the design shall include measures to reduce the effects of any fault movement as much as possible.
6. No new essential facilities, special occupancy structures, or hazardous materials storage facilities shall be located within active fault zones unless it can be adequately demonstrated that the facilities are not subject to fault rupture hazard.
2.2.3 Programs
1. The Fault Rupture chapter should be updated as part of every update to the Hazards Appendix of the County General Plan.
2. The Multihazard Functional Plan - Major Earthquake Contingency section will be reviewed and revised annually by the County Sheriff's Office of Emergency Services. The Office of
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Emergency Services will continue to provide public information programs and pamphlet information on earthquake preparedness.
3. The Building and Safety Division, with the support of the General Services Agency- Facilities & Materials Division and CEO- Risk Management, Health, Safety & Loss Prevention ( HSLP) will implement the requirements of the Essential Services Buildings Seismic Safety Act of 1986.
2.3 Ground Shaking
Ground shaking is the physical movement of the land surface due to earthquakes. Ground shaking is the most hazardous effect of earthquakes because it is most widespread and accompanies all earthquakes. The largest loss of life and property damage during an earthquake is due to ground shaking. The primary effects of ground shaking are damage to structures ( ranging from minor cracking of plaster to total destruction) and infrastructure ( roads, bridges, power lines, oil, gas, water and sewer lines, etc.), and the potential related human injury and loss of life. The secondary effects of ground shaking ( including liquefaction, tsunamis, seiche and earthquake induced landslides/ mudslides) are evaluated as separate hazards.
Ventura County lies within the active earthquake region of Southern California. Available geologic information indicates that the potential of strong ground shaking occurring over much of the County as a result of an earthquake along one of the major faults within the County, within the useful life of existing structures, is high when compared to other areas of the State. This is because of the close proximity of ma